the top of the prow of a ship

cŏlŭmen, ĭnis, n., and contr. cul-men, mis, n. [root cel- of excello; cf.: celsus, culmus, calamus, collis], lit., that which rises in height, is prominent, projects; hence the point, top, summit, ridge.

Form columen, inis, n. (only this form is used by Plautus, v. Ritschl, prol. ad Plaut. p. 65).

An elevated object, a pillar, column: ego vitam agam sub altis Phrygiae columinibus, the lofty buildings, or perh. the mountain-heights, Cat. 63, 71 Ellis ad loc.; and of a pillar of fire: Phoebi fax, tristis nunt a belli, quae magnum ad columen flammato ardore volabat, like an ascending column, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18.—

The highest part or top of an object, e. g. of a wall; the coping; Fr. le chaperon, Cato, R. R. 15, 1; of a building, a ridge, a roof, a gable:

in turribus et columinibus villae,

Varr. R. R. 3, 7, 1:

aulae,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1000; id. Thyest. 54 Gron.; so of the Capitol, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 12, 20, and of the culmination of heavenly bodies: oritur Canicula cum Cancro, in columen venit cum Geminis, Nigid. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 218. —

Trop., the top, crown, summit, first, chief, the height, etc.:

columen amicorum Antonii, Cotyla Varius,

Cic. Phil. 13, 12, 26:

pars haec vitae jam pridem pervenit ad columen,

Plin. 15, 15, 17, § 57; Col. 3, 4, 3:

audaciae,

the crown of impudence, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 211.—

An elevated object that supports, sustains something; in archit., the top of a gable-end, a gable pillar, a prop, Vitr. 4, 2, 1; 4, 7, 5.—Esp. freq.,

Trop., a support, prop, stay:

familiae,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 176:

senati, praesidium popli,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 6; cf. id. Ep. 2, 2, 7:

rei publicae,

Cic. Sest. 8, 19; Curt. 9, 6, 8:

imperii Romani, Div 38, 51, 3: regni Ausonii,

Sil. 15, 385:

Asiae,

Sen. Troad. 6:

rerum mearum (Maecenas),

Hor. C. 2, 17, 4:

doctrinarum, artium (Varro et Nigidius),

Gell. 19, 14, 1; Col. 3, 4, 3.—

culmen, ĭnis, n. (in Cic. only once; cf. the foll. B.; not in Cat., Lucr., or Hor.; in gen. first freq. since the Aug. per.).

Any thing high; poet., of the stalk of a bean, Ov. F. 4, 734.—

The top, summit, e. g. of a building, a roof, gable, cupola, etc.:

columen in summo fastigio culminis,

Vitr. 4, 2, 1; Ov. M. 1, 295; 1, 289; Verg. E. 1, 69:

tecta domorum,

id. A. 2, 446; 2, 458; 4, 186:

culmina hominum, deorum,

i. e. of houses and temples, id. ib. 4, 671; Liv. 27, 4, 11; 42, 3, 7.—Of the dome of heaven, * Cic. Arat. 26. —Of mountain summits:

Alpium,

Caes. B. G. 3, 2:

Tarpeium,

Suet. Dom. 23.—Of the crown of the head of men, Liv. 1, 34, 9.—Of the top of the prow of a ship, Luc. 3, 709.—

Trop., the summit, acme, height, point of culmination (perh. not ante-Aug.):

a summo culmine fortunae ad ultimum finem,

Liv. 45, 9, 7:

principium culmenque (columenque, Sillig) omnium rerum pretii margaritae tenent,

Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 106:

ruit alta a culmine Troja,

Verg. A. 2, 290 (Hom. Il. 13, 772: kat akrês); cf. id. ib. 2, 603:

de summo culmine lapsus,

Luc. 8, 8:

regale,

Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 64. pastorale, id. B. Get. 355:

honoris,

App. Flor. 3.

fastīgĭum, ii, n. [cf. Sanscr. bhrshtīs, corner, rim; Gr. a-phlaston, aplustria, the ornamented stern of a ship; O. H. Germ. brort, the prow], the top of a gable, a gable end, pediment (syn.: cacumen, culmen, vertex, apex).

Prop.:

Capitolii fastigium illud et ceterarum aedium non venustas, sed necessitas ipsa fabricata est... utilitatem templi fastigii dignitas consecuta est,

Cic. de Or. 3, 46, 180; cf.:

fastigia aliquot templorum a culminibus abrupta,

Liv. 40, 2, 3:

evado ad summi fastigia culminis,

Verg. A. 2, 458; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 14.—Hence, meton., the roof of a house, Verg. A. 8, 491; 9, 568; Val. Fl. 2, 235:

habere pulvinar, simulacrum, fastigium, flaminem,

id. Phil. 2, 43, 110; cf.

of the same: omnes unum in principem congesti honores: circa templa imagines... suggestus in curia, fastigium in domo, mensis in caelo,

Flor. 4, 2 fin.:

Romae signa eorum sunt in Palatina aede Apollinis in fastigio,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 13; cf. id. 35, 12, 43, § 152; Vitr. 3, 2.— Transf.:

operi tamquam fastigium imponere,

Cic. Off. 3, 7, 33.—

Transf.

The extreme part, extremity of a thing, whether above or below.

Top, height, summit:

colles... pari altitudinis fastigio oppidum cingebant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 69, 4:

opus nondum aquae fastigium aequabat,

Curt. 4, 2, 19:

summi operis,

id. 4, 2, 8:

jamque agger aequaverat summae fastigia terrae,

id. 8, 10, 31:

aquatilium ova rotunda, reliqua fere fastigio acuminata,

Plin. 10, 52, 74, § 145:

gracilitas (arundinis) nodis distincta leni fastigio tenuatur in cacumina,

id. 16, 36, 64, § 158; cf.:

cornua in leve fastigium exacuta,

id. 11, 37, 45, § 124; 16, 33, 60, § 141; Vulg. 2 Reg. 18, 24.—In plur., Lucr. 4, 827:

muri,

Val. Fl. 2, 553:

fontis fastigium,

i. e. the height on which the fountain sprang up, Hirt. B. G. 8, 41, 5.—

The lower part, depth: forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia, quaeres, [p. 728] what should be the depth of the trenches, Verg. G. 2, 288.—

(From the sloping form of the gable.) A slope, declivity, descent:

ab oppido declivis locus tenui fastigio vergebat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 5:

jugum paulo leniore fastigio,

id. ib. 2, 24, 3:

iniquum loci ad declivitatem fastigium,

id. B. G. 7, 85, 4:

rupes leniore submissa fastigio,

Curt. 6, 6, 11:

capreoli molli fastigio,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10, 3; 2, 24, 3:

musculi,

id. ib. 2, 11, 1:

scrobes paulatim angustiore ad infimum fastigio,

i. e. gradually narrowing from top to bottom, id. B. G. 7, 73, 5; cf.:

si (fossa) fastigium habet, ut (aqua) exeat e fundo,

Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2.—

In the later grammarians, an accent placed over a word, Mart. Cap. 3, § 264; § 268 al.; Diom. p. 428 P.

Trop.

The highest part, summit, the highest degree, most exalted rank or dignity (perh. only since the Aug. per.):

quicquid numinum hanc Romani imperii molem in amplissimum terrarum orbis fastigium extulit,

Vell. 2, 131, 1; cf.:

sic fit, ut dei summum inter homines fastigium servent,

Plin. Pan. 52, 2:

et quoad usque ad memoriam nostram tribuniciis consularibusque certatum viribus est, dictaturae semper altius fastigium fuit,

Liv. 6, 38 fin.; cf.:

in consulare fastigium vehi,

Vell. 2, 69, 1:

ad regium fastigium evehere aliquem,

Val. Max. 1, 6, 1:

alii cives ejusdem fastigii,

Liv. 3, 35, 9:

stare in fastigio eloquentiae,

Quint. 12, 1, 20:

rhetoricen in tam sublime fastigium sine arte venisse,

id. 2, 17, 3:

et poësis ab Homero et Vergilio tantum fastigium accepit, et eloquentia a Demosthene,

id. 12, 11, 26; cf.:

magice in tantum fastigii adolevit, ut, etc.,

grew into such esteem, Plin. 30, 1, 1, § 2.—

In gen., dignity, rank, condition:

(M. Laetorio) curatio altior fastigio suo data est,

Liv. 2, 27, 6; cf.:

ampliora etiam humano fastigio decerni sibi passus est,

Suet. Caes. 76:

tamquam mortale fastigium egressus,

Tac. A. 15, 74:

animus super humanum fastigium elatus,

Curt. 9, 10 med.:

quales ex humili magna ad fastigia rerum extollit Fortuna,

Juv. 3, 39.—

A leading or chief point, head in a discourse; a principal sort or kind (rare):

summa sequar fastigia rerum,

Verg. A. 1, 342:

e quibus tribus fastigiis (agrorum) simplicibus,

sorts, kinds, Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 2:

propter haec tria fastigia formae discrimina quaedam fiunt sationum,

id. ib. 1, 5:

haec atque hujuscemodi tria fastigia agri, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 6, 6; cf.

also: quo fastigio sit fundus,

id. ib. 1, 20 fin. (and v. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 223):

laudem relego fastigia summa,

Prisc. Laud. Anast. 148.

tūtēla, ae, f. [1. tutor], a watching, keeping, charge, care, safeguard, defence, protection (syn.: praesidium, cura).

Lit.

In gen.:

tutelam januae gerere,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 43:

foribus tutelam gerere,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 28:

viae,

Dig. 31, 1, 30:

suo tergo tutelam gerere,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 51:

nunc de septis, quae tutandi causā fundi fiant dicam. Earum tutelarum genera quattuor, etc.,

Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 1:

pecudum silvestrium,

care, management, Col. 9, praef. §

1: boum,

id. 6, 2, 15:

aselli,

id. 7, 1, 2:

tenuiorum,

support, maintenance, Suet. Caes. 68:

lanae tutelam praestant contra frigora,

Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30:

ut villarum tutela non sit oneri,

id. 18, 5, 6, § 31; 35, 3, 4, § 14:

classis,

Just. 16, 3, 9:

cum de hominis summo bono quaererent, nullam in eo neque animi neque corporis partem vacuam tutela reliquerunt,

Cic. Fin. 4, 14, 36:

tutela ac praesidium bellicae virtutis,

id. Mur. 10, 22:

Apollo, cujus in tutelā Athenas antiqui historici esse voluerunt,

id. N. D. 3, 22, 55; cf.:

quare sit in ejus tutela Gallia, cujus, etc.,

id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

intellegi volumus salutem hominum in ejus (Jovis) esse tutela,

id. Fin. 3, 20, 66:

Juno, cujus in tutelā Argi sunt,

Liv. 34, 24, 2; Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 18:

subicere aliquid tutelae alicujus,

Cic. Fin. 4, 14, 38:

filios suos parvos tutelae populi commendare,

id. de Or. 1, 53, 228:

dii, quorum tutelae ea loca essent,

Liv. 1, 6, 4:

quae suae fidei tutelaeque essent,

id. 24, 22, 15:

publicae tutelae esse,

id. 42, 19, 5; 21, 41, 12:

te Jovis impio Tutela Saturno Eripuit,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 23:

ut dicar tutelā pulsa Minervae,

Ov. M. 2, 563:

dique deaeque omnes, quibus est tutela per agros,

Prop. 3, 13 (4, 12), 41:

ut te generi humano, cujus tutela et securitas saluti tuae innisa est, incolumem praestarent,

Plin. Ep. 10, 52 (60).— With gen. obj.:

loci,

protection, Just. 41, 5, 3.—

In partic., jurid. t. t., the office of a guardian, guardianship, wardship, tutelage of minors, insane persons, etc.:

tutela est, ut Servius definit, vis ac potestas in capite libero ad tuendum eum, qui propter aetatem suā sponte se defendere nequit, jure civili data ac permissa,

Dig. 26, 1 (De tutelis), 1: tradere aliquem in tutelam alicujus, Pac. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 46, 193:

in suam tutelam venire,

to become one's own master, come of age, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 180; Dig. 37, 11, 8, § 1; Cic. Top. 10, 44; id. Brut. 52, 195; 53, 197; id. Inv. 2, 21, 62; Gai. 2, 179; Nep. Eum. 2, 1;

rarely in the order, in tutelam suam venire,

Cic. Inv. 2, 42, 122: tutelae suae fieri, Sen. Ep. 33, 10:

fraudare pupillum, qui in tutelam pervenit,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 16:

alicujus tutelam accipere,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 17:

ad sanos abeat tutela propinquos,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 218:

rei publicae,

Cic. Off. 1, 25, 85:

tutelam filiorum servo committere,

Just. 4, 2, 5:

tutelam pupilli suscipere,

id. 30, 2, 8:

gerere,

Val. Max. 6, 6, 1:

nancisci,

to become guardian, Just. Inst. 1, 12, 6:

administrare,

Dig. 26, 7, 3, § 2:

reddere,

ib. 5, 1, 2, § 3.—

Transf., concr.

Act., like our watch, of that which guards or protects, a keeper, warder, guardian, protector (mostly poet.):

(Philemon et Baucis) templi tutela fuere,

Ov. M. 8, 711: prorae tutela Melanthus, i. e. the pilot at the prow, = proreta, id. ib. 3, 617:

o tutela praesens Italiae (Augustus),

Hor. C. 4, 14, 43:

(Achilles) decus et tutela Pelasgi Nominis,

Ov. M. 12, 612:

rerum tutela mearum Cum sis (shortly before: curator a praetore datus),

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 103.—Of the image of the tutelar deity of a ship:

navis, cujus tutela ebore caelata est, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 76, 13; Lact. 1, 11, 19; cf. Sil. 14, 543; Petr. 105 and 108.—Of the tutelar deity of a place, Petr. 57; Auct. Priap. 37; Hier. in Isa. 57, 7; Inscr. Orell. 1698 sq.; 1736.—

A remedy against, cure:

si qua est tutela podagrae,

Grat. Cyn. 478.—

Pass., of that which is guarded or protected, a charge, care.

In gen. ( poet.):

virginum primae puerique claris Patribus orti, Deliae tutela deae,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 33:

Lanuvium annosi vetus est tutela draconis,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 3:

sit, precor, tutela Minervae Navis,

Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 1 sq. —

In partic., in jurid. lang., that which is under guardianship or tutelage: in officiis apud majores ita observatum est: primum tutelae, deinde hospiti, deinde clienti, tum cognato, postea affini, a ward, Massur. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5.—Of the property of a ward:

mirabamur, te ignorare, de tutelā legitimā... nihil usucapi posse,

Cic. Att. 1, 5, 6:

nihil potest de tutelā legitimā sine omnium tutorum auctoritate deminui,

id. Fl. 34, 84; Dig. 26, 7, 5.